A recent investigation in India has found that a small network of social media users is exploiting widely available artificial intelligence tools to create and spread content targeting Muslim communities.
The study examined over 1,300 AI-generated images and videos from nearly 300 accounts on platforms such as X, Facebook, and Instagram, revealing that the content often portrays Muslims in violent, sexualized, or dehumanised ways.
Many of the images use visually appealing artistic styles, which appear designed to bypass moderation systems and attract younger viewers. Researchers identified four main types of content: conspiracy narratives falsely depicting Muslims as plotting against national interests, dehumanising imagery portraying them as threatening figures, sexualized depictions of Muslim women that reinforce harmful stereotypes, and violent scenes disguised in popular art styles that normalise sectarian conflict.
Despite these trends, platforms largely failed to act, with none of the 187 flagged posts being removed. Instagram generated nearly two million interactions, illustrating the reach of this content even with fewer posts than X.
The study warns that unchecked AI-driven propaganda could increase social tensions, cause psychological harm, and potentially lead to real-world violence, calling on social media companies, policymakers, and AI developers to enforce stricter oversight and transparency measures.
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